Economics

Thu, 04 Feb 2021 22:04:07 +1100

Economics

BE4158

First meeting

IBE at Petra

Krisna Gupta
Monday, February $8^{th}$ 2021

Today’s content ☀

housekeeping
about studying economics
some main principles

Who am I? 👀

A PhD student of Economics at Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University (ANU).
Research about trade and industry, in particular how trade and investment policy shape Indonesian manufacturing industry.
Ocassionally in online portals and personal
An ocassional gamer, campsite musician and sometimes .

About the content of BE4158 📚

This course is based on .
covered are principle of microeconomics:
- Supply and demand
- the market and its limitation
- strategic thinking
and macroeconomics:
- GDP, inflation, unemployment, the government
- What does it mean for business
The content is very similar with Mankiw (2009) available at your .
books can be useful but are not required.

Some expectations from student

No prior knowledge is required.
Please be active and ask questions.
Good internet connection is assumed.
Good english is assumed and expected to be used thoroughly.
No cheating! Especially during exams.

Some rules

The lectures will be about 1.5 - 2 hours length.
I expect all students to pay attention.
- I would greatly appreciate you turning on your cams.
There will be a small quizzes in the middle of each class.
- make sure you pay attention.
You are welcome to go off cam and AFK at any time you like.
Feel free to interrupt my class with questions.
- alternatively, you can use chat if you are shy, or ask me later thru e-mail.

Structure of this course

week 1: introduction
- housekeeping
- some principles
week 2: supply and demand
- supply and demand curves
- perfect market equilibrium
week 3: Meddling with the market
- tax and quantity control
- price elasticity
week 4: firm problem
- production function
- marginal cost and average cost
- perfect competition

Structure of this course

week 5: Monopoly & oligopoly
- price discrimination
- game theory intro
week 6: Externalities & public goods
- deviation from perfect market
- policies that work
week 7: Welfare
- Poverty & inequality
- firms under different welfare setting

*** MIDTERM EXAM ***

Structure of this course

week 8: Macro basics
- accounting and growth
- inflation and international imbalances
week 9: GDP, inflation and unemployment
- Measuring economy and price
- unemployment
week 12: Long run growth
- Dynamics of economic growth
- Aggregate demand and supply
week 11: Fiscal policy
- demand shock
- the state budget

Structure of this course

week 12: Financial system
- Banks and money
- The central bank
week 13: Monetary policy
- interest rate
- central bank instruments
week 14: international economies
- trade policy
- international capital and exchange rate

Exams etc ✍🏾

evaluation	covers	%
quiz	everyday, best of 10	20
midterm exam	first 7 meetings	40
final exam	last 7 meetings	40

Only your best 10 will be used for graded quiz out of 14 meetings.
- the quiz will be given by the end of every lecture.
A bit of an intern quiz in the middle of each meeting, ungraded.
Slides should be enough to get a good grade.
However, to get an A, you should master the principle.

Some tools

All course materials are accessible through lentera and in pdf.
All announcement will be posted on lentera and google classroom.
- I believe it will patch through your Petra e-mail as well.
- Feel free to let me know what’s best for your learning.
The course is also available at my website, .
- It is in html format so you don’t have to download.
- Also can be viewed on your phone.
I will update the course on a weekly basis.

Some tools

The mid-lecture pop quiz (ungraded) will be conducted via poll everywhere.
- Please prepare a tab in your browser to
- You can also use your smartphone’s browser.
The tool for the end-lecture quiz (graded) is still being explored.
- we will test by the end of today’s lecture.
- We can also use google form.
- You are free to let me know your preference.

Questions?

A bit about you

Now let’s appoint a class rep!

for now, class rep’s responsibility is to just administering attendance.
any student is allowed to contact me directly.

About economics

Why economics?

Contrary to what normal people think, economics is not about (just) money.
Economics is all about making optimal decision under scarcity.
We use math principle to optimise our decision making.
This course is not going to dig too deep into the world of economic principles.
This course does not provide answers to your question: It teach how to use economic framework to shape your question.

Some questions asked by economists

How to best tackle climate change?
Is minimum wage good?
Should we introduce tax holiday to firms?
Should the government increase expenditure by more tax or more debt?
Should we introduce Universal Basic Income?
How to evaluate government program?
Should we ban mineral export?
can we sustain economic growth?
what to do during economic crisis?

Principles of Economics 💰

People make choices

because resources are scarce

resource can be anything you use to produce.
Money is the most mainstream limited resource.
- Buy only one holiday package.
- Buy only one portion of nasi goreng.
But there are other resources worth noting.
- There’s only one holiday season in a year.
- Two nasi gorengs would be too much for my stomach.

The true cost of something is its opportunity cost

money is just one type of cost.
The true cost of taking a holiday to Hong Kong is going somewhere else.
Your holiday can be spent on learning new stuff.
What is the cost of doing your degree?
- Going straight to work and get experiences.
- Doing other degrees (biology, chemistry, etc).
- enjoy life.
essentially, opportunity cost of something is something else you gave up to get it.

Pop quiz

Thinking at the margin

The principle of opportunity cost leads to a marginal thinking.
Understand your status quo, and think what action you can do to add a little improvement from it.
If you have two hours to study or play, how will you divide it?
- what if there’s an exam tommorow?
- If you are tired of studying, would you study more?

Specialisation and gains from trade

During your daily time, you make decisions on allocating how much time to study and to cook, among other things.
Since you will die if you don’t eat, you can’t allocate 0 hour to cook.
On the other hand, there are those who are very good cook and will cook for you for a little money.
In this case, it may be better if you spend 0 hour to cook, and order food from these chefs.
Trade is the reason why I can study economics: I don’t have to study how to be a doctor. I will just go to the hospital if I need a medical service.

Specialisation and gains from trade

Extending to firm level, many outsource part of their business from a third party.
- buying office probably better than developing our own softwares.
- why make our own server if we can use ?
- Use tokopedia instead of making your own e-store.
We can easily extend this to a country level:
- Japan makes car because they cannot plant palm oil.

Incentives matter

People move to cities because there are more opportunities there.
People will buy cheaper products given the same price.
incentives are not always about money:
- You study more on the subjects you like.

“ada gula ada semut”

Market and intervention

often times, market incentives are enough.
However, intervention is often used.
- education is an example where government intervene heavily.
- Gojek used subsidy to incentivies drivers and users.
Intervention may be temporary.
- The COVID-19 relieve bill (PEN) will likely stop after the pandemic.
- Gojek’s subsidy is removed once they reach economies of scale.

Things tend to move to equilibrium

When there is an incentive to do something, there will be more and more people exploit it.
As more people do it, the incentive decreases to a point where it is not worth it anymore.
examples:
- City becomes more crowded (and costly to live in).
- Stock price stops growing few moments after its IPO.
- Countries’ economic growth reduced after they get rich.
Movement towards equilibrium, however, varies.
- short run vs long run.
- individual vs aggregate.

Conclusion

We will see how these principles come up again and again as we delve deeper into the course.
The principle will be carried over to your overall degree, and life in general.
I am not trying to make you an economist, but the principles are very useful.

Testing Graded quiz

Housekeeping!

Joy is the class rep.
We’ll use Zoom over Google Meet.
Quizizz is used for everyday lecture.
what else?

Next week: Supply and demand

Lalu Lintas Pembayaran Dalan dan Luar Negeri

Thu, 04 Feb 2021 22:04:07 +1100

Lalu Lintas Pembayaran

Dalam dan Luar Negeri

Pertemuan 1

Hari ini ☀️

Administrasi
Perdagangan dan transaksi

Administrasi

Tentang LLPDLN 📚

Ini adalah mata kuliah yang susah!!
Kuliah dan ujian disampaikan secara tatap muka.
Buku bisa dipake tapi mostly dari slide aja cukup

Informasi Pengajar

nama	ruangan	matkul lain
Dhany Ratana	B2002 (prodi PIWAR)	-
	A2004 (Ruang Kerja Sama)	Metodologi Penelitian

Ekspektasi dari mahasiswa

Tidak ada prasyarat mata kuliah.
Tidak perlu bisa bahasa inggris, but a good command of english will certainly be helpful
Memerhatikan dengan baik.
Bertanya jika ada yang tidak dimengerti.
Membantu mengecek jika ada saltik di slides.
Sportif dan dewasa.

Beberapa aturan

kuliah efektif antara 90 - 100 menit.
Kehadiran tidak diwajibkan.
- Yang hadir wajib untuk tertib dan tidak boleh berisik.
Mahasiswa dipersilakan meninggalkan kelas untuk alasan apapun.
- Tidak perlu ijin dulu.
Wajib menggunakan masker selama perkuliahan.

Struktur kuliah

minggu	konten
1	intro & ekonomi
2	Perdagangan & peran sektor perbankan
3	Sektor perbankan dan Transaksi pembayaran
4	Berbagai bentuk transaksi pembayaran
5	UCP, Incoterms, Sales contract
6	Alur documentary credit
7	Penggunaan documentary credit
8	UTS

Struktur kuliah

minggu	konten
9	Bentuk dan karakteristik documentary credit
10-13	Documentary credit dan pencairan L/C
14	Fitur-fitur L/C dan kapan digunakan
15	Kasus-kasus aplikasi L/C
16	UAS

Nilai ✍🏾

evaluation	covers	%
quiz & tugas	bertahap	40
UTS	7 minggu pertama	30
UAS	7 minggu terakhir	30

Some tools

Materi perkuliahan dapat diakses di
Materi akan diupdate setiap minggu.

Questions?

via GIPHY

Tentang Ekonomi dan Perdagangan 💰

Ekonomi

Ilmu ekonomi pada hakikatnya merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari kesejahteraan (welfare) umat manusia.
Bagaimana cara mengukur kesejahteraan? Orang atau negara seperti apa yang disebut sejahtera?

banyak uang? banyak teman? banyak amal?

Produk Domestik Bruto

Kata kunci: banyak.
Negara yang makmur biasanya diukur dengan kemampuan menghasilkan/mengonsumsi sebanyak mungkin barang dan jasa.
Agregasi dari barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan oleh suatu negara disebut dengan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) atau Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Bagaimana cara PDB dihitung?

Perhitungan PDB

Problem perhitungan PDB adalah bagaimana cara agregasi barang dengan ukuran berbeda-beda?
- Bagaimana cara menjumlah beras+mobil+listrik+internet?
- Membandingkan PDB antar negara/waktu juga jadi susah.
Kita ubah semua barang dan jasa tersebut ke dalam satuan mata uang / currency unit
Pada prinsipnya, $PDB=\sum \text{Quantity} \times \text{Price}$
Menghitung PDB adalah tugasnya

Perhitungan PDB pengeluaran

Rumus perhitungan PDB yang paling terkenal adalah dengan metode pengeluaran.

$$PDB=C+I+G+(X-M)$$

Di mana $C=$konsumsi, $I=$investasi/tabungan, $G=$belanja pemerintah, $X-M=$net export.
Import menjadi pengurang PDB karena sudah dihitung di konsumsi (C) (avoid double counting).
Semakin besar PDB, semakin makmur negara tersebut.

Mengapa Berdagang?

Seperti dijelaskan sebelumnya, ilmu ekonomi menitikberatkan pada efisiensi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan.
Salah satu cara meningkatkan kesejahteraan dengan efisien adalah berdagang.
Kenapa?

Specialisation and gains from trade

During your daily time, you make decisions on allocating how much time to study and to cook, among other things.
Since you will die if you don’t eat, you can’t allocate 0 hour to cook.
On the other hand, there are those who are very good cook and will cook for you for a little money.
In this case, it may be better if you spend 0 hour to cook, and order food from these chefs.
Trade is the reason why I can study economics: I don’t have to study how to be a doctor. I will just go to the hospital if I need a medical service.

Specialisation and gains from trade

Extending to firm level, many outsource part of their business from a third party.
- buying office probably better than developing our own softwares.
- why make our own server if we can use ?
- Use tokopedia instead of making your own e-store.
We can easily extend this to a country level:
- Japan makes car because they cannot plant palm oil.

Specialisation and gains from trade

dengan kata lain, berdagang memberi keuntungan bagi kedua belah pihak.
Pada akhirnya, tujuan akhir aktivitas ekonomi adalah untuk kesejahteraan.
- Saya jualan X supaya bisa beli Y.
- Lebih efisien daripada bikin X dan Y.

Minggu depan

lanjut lagi soal perdagangan dan transaksi
intro ke sektor perbankan

Kuliah | Krisna 'imed' Gupta

Economics

Economics

BE4158

First meeting

IBE at Petra

Today’s content ☀

Who am I? 👀

About the content of BE4158 📚

Some expectations from student

Some rules

Structure of this course

Structure of this course

Structure of this course

Structure of this course

Exams etc ✍🏾

Some tools

Some tools

Questions?

A bit about you

A bit about you

Now let’s appoint a class rep!

About economics

Why economics?

Some questions asked by economists

More questions can be answered with (partially) economic principles

About your learning

Principles of Economics 💰

People make choices

because resources are scarce

The true cost of something is its opportunity cost

Pop quiz

Thinking at the margin

Specialisation and gains from trade

Specialisation and gains from trade

Incentives matter

Market and intervention

Things tend to move to equilibrium

Conclusion

Testing Graded quiz

Housekeeping!

Next week: Supply and demand

Lalu Lintas Pembayaran Dalan dan Luar Negeri

Lalu Lintas Pembayaran

Dalam dan Luar Negeri

Pertemuan 1

Hari ini ☀️

Administrasi

Tentang LLPDLN 📚

Informasi Pengajar

Ekspektasi dari mahasiswa

Beberapa aturan

Struktur kuliah

Struktur kuliah

Nilai ✍🏾

Some tools

Questions?

Tentang Ekonomi dan Perdagangan 💰

Ekonomi

Produk Domestik Bruto

Perhitungan PDB

Perhitungan PDB pengeluaran

Mengapa Berdagang?

Specialisation and gains from trade

Specialisation and gains from trade

Specialisation and gains from trade

Minggu depan