Krisna 'imed' Gupta
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    • Comparative advantage untuk vaksin
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  • Projects
    • A chapter for ERIA on Indonesian trade in services.
    • Cigarette excise project with PROSPERA
    • A paper for Politeknik APP Jakarta national seminar
    • Short brief for DJ Migas
  • Blog posts
    • Indonesia's Fiscal Situation: Bleaker Than It Looks?
    • The Economic Danger of Inequality
    • Menggunakan Darts untuk melihat bedanya prediksi harga beras domestik dan internasional sejak Neraca Komoditas
    • Melihat Indonesia lewat kacamata Ray Dalio: Bagaimana Negara Bankrut
    • Reviewing the National Economic Council Paper on the Economic Impact of Free Nutritious Meals
    • Indonesian consumption growth, labor share, and saving rate
    • Checking BPS open unemployment rate data
    • Checking Indonesia's five consecutive months of deflation
    • Mearsheimer's realism principles: compatible with economics?
    • Realism vs Pareto efficient outcomes in economics
    • Commenting on the Health Minister's Podcast with Akbar Faizal Uncensored
    • Balance of payments problems are not (just) about trade
    • Indonesian trade and industry data 2018-2023 from SEKI Bank Indonesia
    • Labor-machine substitution in agriculture
    • Latest World Bank report on international trade and green transition in Indonesia
    • Demographic bonus: blessing or curse?
    • Goodbye dollar? Not quite yet
    • Government spending and inequality
    • Recent FDI developments: Indonesia and the region
    • Book review: "How the World Became Rich: the Historical Origins of Economic Growth"
    • A Simple Model of Local Content Requirements
    • Why DMO, DPO, and price ceilings failed to control cooking oil prices and supply
    • Managing food inflation, Indonesian style
    • Notes from watching "Ngobrol Tempo" on "Import Substitution of Electronics Products"
    • Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: What Should Indonesia Do?
    • Oil Boom vs Commodity Boom: Can Raw Materials Export Ban Save the State Budget?
    • Nickel ore export ban and the export performance of the downstream industries
    • Trade in Value Added: Indonesia's Position in the Global Value Chain
    • On District/City Minimum Wages: Too High or Too Low?
    • Purchasing Power Parity and the Big Mac Index
    • Global Value Chain dalam bumbu gado-gado
    • The chili price mystery: low because of imports?
    • Awesome Stata 17 Upgrade: Trying Pystata by using PPML on USITC and WITS database
    • Question 4 Tutorial 1 ECON3102 2021
    • New update of the recent second wave (or third?) of COVID-19 in Indonesia
    • Is the Blackwidow V3 Mini Hyperspeed any good? Trying the yellow switch!
    • Indonesian Students Association abroad: what is it for?
    • Why Indonesian Sugar is Expensive? A closer look on Indonesian trade policy (and Neraca Komoditas)
    • Notes on Professor Keyu Jin's Public Lecture titled
    • Indonesia's digital sector: opportunities and challenges
    • Electric vehicle production hub: investment driven by export bans?
    • A small trip to Tidbinbilla Natural Reserve in Canberra, Australia
    • Trying three cool keyboards: Logitech MX Keys, Razer BlackWidow and Razer Huntsman
    • Price trends of Indonesia's export commodities
    • Revisiting 3-period intertemporal consumption model: work, retire, afterlife
    • Statistik ekspor impor Indonesia di 2018 dengan negara-negara RCEP
    • FDI, industry, and trade policy
    • Indonesian tariff dynamics, 2000-2018
    • Indonesia's export and import for COVID-19-related goods: July 2020
    • A quick look at Indonesia's current account and balance of trade using World Bank's API in Python
    • COVID-19 death rate in Indonesia
    • When Instrumental Variable (IV) is problematic
    • A ketoprak lunch and reflections on Global Value Chains (GVC)
    • Diversification as a strategy to survive
    • Adding equation numbering on my hugo academic theme blog.
    • Running a PPML regression in python using GME package from USITC
    • Sumber-sumber contekan belajar
    • The Export Ban and Standards Relaxation Drama in Indonesia's PPE Market
    • Daily COVID-19 Testing in Indonesia
    • The Value of Everything: A Review
    • Indonesia's Trade Policy Amid COVID-19
    • Trade and COVID-19: The Weakness of Comparative Advantage Amid Coronavirus?
    • The Role of Manufacturing Industry Amid the COVID-19 Storm
    • COVID-19 and The Economy of Informal Sectors
    • Me, Canberra, and COVID-19
    • Looking for the relationship between ministry budgets and industrial growth
    • COVID-19 and Its Potential Impact on Indonesia-China Trade
    • Lessons from the Garlic Import Scandal: Import Quotas as a Farmer Protection Policy
    • The Brazilian Chicken Import Dispute: Where There's Corn, There's Chicken
    • The War on Illegal Phones: Implications of TKDN Policy?
    • Application of Infrastructure Development Problem (Long Chu Style) to Indonesia’s Toll Road
    • Industrial Development Targets According to Industrial Policy
    • Learning non-linear estimation of Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) with ADMB
    • Amiti and Konings 2007
    • Henningsen and Henningsen 2011
    • Public Policy Practice the Indonesian Way
    • Thorbecke 2019: Japan's Exchange Rate and Electronics Exports
    • Media and Politics: How Television Changed Democracy
    • Unboxing IA-CEPA: How Will It Affect Indonesia on Trade and Beyond?
    • A Note on the Minister's 'Kampus Merdeka' (Freedom to Learn)
    • Wildfires and Floods: A Lesson
    • Does Having Children Hurt Women Financially? An Economics Perspective
    • The Return of Industrial Policy
  • Courses
    • Introduction
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      • Quiz
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      • Quiz
    • Introduction
      • Slides
      • tugas
    • Introduction
      • Slides
      • Exercises
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  • Curriculum Vitae
  • Hobby
    • Mobile Legends: Bang Bang
    • Cover Music Video on Youtube
    • Smule (a karaoke app)
  • Publications
    • Prabowonomics: Can Indonesia Really Grow at 8%?
    • Indonesia in BRICS: Between Economic Diversification and Personalised Politics
    • Analysis of the Effect of Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) on the Trade in Service Sector in Indonesia
    • The trade balance and why we can't buy nice things
    • Hilirisasi dan Peningkatan Kompleksitas Ekonomi
    • Indonesia doubles down on nickel export bans and downstreaming
    • Visi Misi Pemilu 2024: Menakar janji industrialisasi dan hilirisasi Paslon Capres-Cawapres
    • Indonesia’s stubborn logistics dilemma
    • Evaluasi subsidi kendaraan listrik: bagaimana sepeda motor bersubsidi belum mampu gaet masyarakat miskin
    • Isu lingkungan dan perkembangan teknologi ancam ambisi kendaraan listrik berbasis nikel Indonesia. Apa yang harus dilakukan pemerintah?
    • Jokowi resah tabungan mengendap Rp 690 triliun di bank, betulkah masyarakat yang harus belanja?
    • The Importance of Trade For MSEs in The Indonesian F&B Sector.
    • 3 Years of Jokowi-Ma'ruf: The Steep Road to Economic Recovery
    • Trade for Economic Recovery: Import Policies to Support Indonesia’s F&B Sector
    • Global Value Chain Impact on Indonesia's Economy and the Way to Make It More Resilient
    • How Investment and Trade Shape the Economic Transformation of Indonesia
    • Klaim sukses hilirisasi nikel berbasis larangan ekspor masih memiliki segudang masalah
    • Menakar Efektivitas Neraca Komoditas
    • The Advent of A New Trade Governance after the Omnibus Law: Neraca Komoditas
    • Indonesia Emas Berkelanjutan 2045: Kumpulan Pemikiran Pelajar Indonesia Sedunia Seri 01 Ekonomi
    • Restrictive regulations on foreign trade may hurt economy
    • Mengapa tren kendaraan listrik adalah momentum transformasi industri otomotif Indonesia
    • Kebijakan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi perusahaan-perusahaan Indonesia dalam rantai pasok global
    • The heterogenous impact of tariff and NTM on total factor productivity of Indonesian firms
    • IA-CEPA will not solve Indonesia’s FDI problem
    • COVID-19 punishes Indonesian commodity exporters
    • Indonesia's PPE export ban backfires
    • COVID-19 dan Anjloknya Indeks PMI Indonesia
    • Book Review of "World Trade Evolution: Growth, Productivity and Employment ‐ edited by Lili Yan Ing and Miaojie Yu (eds)"
    • Industri 4.0 sebagai solusi daya saing industri indonesia?
    • The Importance of Financial Liberalisation to Economic Growth: The Case of Indonesia
    • will IA-CEPA be the boost to the Australia-Indonesia relationship leaders are banking on
    • Jakpos
    • Boosting Global Competitiveness in Indonesia: is Industri 4.0 the answer?
    • Can cryptocurrency help business to be more competitive?
    • How Trump’s steel and aluminium tariff shapes future world trade
  • Recent & Upcoming Talks
    • Intro to trade theory
    • Global Macroeconomic Imbalance
    • Global macroeconomic imbalance and the future of trade
    • Finding the Formula for Indonesia's Resilience
    • The Role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Trade and Investment
    • Boosting Exports for Growth
    • Issues in Indonesia's State Budget
    • Trump Tariffs and Indonesia's Automotive Industry
    • The Middle Class Crisis and How to Fix It
    • Democracy, Economic Freedom, and Growth
    • Tips and Tricks for Writing
    • Indonesia and BRICS: A conversation with Lili Yan Ing and Krisna Gupta
    • Probability Theory
    • Labor-Intensive Industry and Labor Conditions in Indonesia
    • Sustainable Trade Balance
    • Jakarta's Path to Global City Status vs Singapore
    • Services, manufacturing and the Indonesian third unbundling
    • Indonesia's Declining Middle Class: A Warning Sign?
    • Safe and Comfortable in the Workplace
    • Unbundlling, GVC and TiVA
    • Greening the grid and what it takes
    • The Heterogeneous Impact of Tariff and NTMs on Total Factor Productivity of Indonesian Firms
    • Does ASEAN matter? How the summit tackles current challenges
    • Public policy analysis: a discussion
    • The Complexity of Evaluating the Performance of the Directorate General of Agro-Industry
    • GVC, Structural Transformation, and Policy Implications for Indonesia's Food and Beverage Industry
    • Behind the Packaging: Understanding Global Supply Chains in Indonesia's Food Industry
    • Projecting the long-run impact of an economic reform: the case of the Indonesian Omnibus Law
    • Digitalization, SMEs, and GVC in Indonesia: a short intro
    • The Heterogeneous Impact of Tariff and NTMs on Total Factor Productivity of Indonesian Firms
    • Unpacking the Neraca Komoditas
    • Economic Issues in the SDGs Framework in Indonesia
    • Book Launch Seminar: Sustainable Golden Indonesia 2045 - Collected Thoughts of Indonesian Students Worldwide, Series 01 Economics
    • The Heterogenous Impact of Tariff and NTM on Total Factor Productivity of Indonesian Firms
    • Examining the National Economic Recovery (PEN) Stimulus Policy Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
    • Economic Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    • Economic recovery through export
    • Vaksin COVID-19 di Indonesia: harapan dan hambatan
    • Mengeksplorasi & mengelaborasi data serta sumber bacaan
    • Kuliah tamu di Universitas Indonesia tentang tinjauan literatur
    • The heterogeneous impacts of tariffs and NTM on total factor productivity of Indonesian firms
    • Strategi sukses meraih beasiswa pendidikan lanjut
    • webinar dan bedah buku bidang ekonomi Mewujudkan Indonesia 4.0: Kumpulan pemikiran pelajar Indonesia di Australia
    • Trade, industry and investment: dealing with Covid-19

The Middle Class Crisis and How to Fix It

Apr 29, 2025·
Krisna Gupta
Krisna Gupta
· 0 min read
Slides
Date
Apr 29, 2025 1:30 PM — 3:00 PM
Event
Pendidikan PCPM Bank Indonesia Angkatan 39 Tahun 2025
Location

Bank Indonesia

Last updated on Mar 31, 2026
Research
Krisna Gupta
Authors
Krisna Gupta
Lecturer
← Trump Tariffs and Indonesia's Automotive Industry May 7, 2025
Democracy, Economic Freedom, and Growth Apr 25, 2025 →
Languages:
English
Bahasa Indonesia

© 2026 Krisna Gupta. This work is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0

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